Taxonomy

Author: Jan Tempelman

First the course of their life

both sexes sleep (hibernate) in winter as adult larva. In springtime they pupate (develop into adults, fly out and mate). Out of the eggs appear the new generations and develop to the stage of adult larva and then go into a wintersleep (hibernation).
PROSOPIS (larva in wintersleep)
both sexes sleep (hibernate) in winter as nympha (pupa). In springtime they develop into adults. The new generation developes to the pupa stage and then go into wintersleep.
MEGACHILI, ERIADES (pupa in wintersleep)
both sexes sleep in winter as adults in the cocoon. Leaving the cocoon in springtime, the new generation develops to the adult popa stage while still in the cocoon and go into wintersleep.
OSMIA: probably most of the springbees.(not fly-out (non meted) adults in wintersleep)
both sexes sleep in the wintertime as fully developed adults. They mate in late spring. In the new generation: the sexes don't mate, and both go separately into wintersleep.
XYLOCOPA, CERATINA (an already flying adult in wintersleep)
both sexes wintersleep as half developed larva, grow in springtime etc. The new generation develop till half-adult larva. They go as half-adult larve into wintersleep in their half consumed food.
COLLETES (half-adult larva in wintersleep)
same as 3, the new generation flies out nevertheless in the same summer, mates and raises a second generation, they develop till the adult stage and then go into wintersleep. A second generation in same year is also possible in the cycle 1, 2 of 3
ANDRENA (second generation as adult in wintersleep)
Only the female adult sleeps in wintertime. In spring she raises one generation of workers, they don't mate: not until later will a generation of both sexes be born. The new generation will develop into both sexes, they will fly out and mate- Only the fertilized female goes into wintersleep.
BOMBUS (only a mated queen goes into wintersleep) The same development also for the parasitaire Bombus and most of the Halictus, with this difference, there will be no generation of workers (with the exception of Halictus malachurus K.) Some of the Halictus-types produce a second generation in the summertime (same as 6)

How they live

{from Michener, C.D. (1974) The social behavior of the bees. The Belknap Press of Hrvard University Prees, Cambridge, Maas},(a great book)

solitary

mass-provisioning. Which means each female does her own work to provision a nest cell with nectar and pollen as a food for her offspring.

communal groups

front door/street door shared. Several females may cooperate to use a common entrance tunnel and corridor.

quasi social

bilding thogether on their nestes.

semi social

division of labour, refer to egg-laying and looking after the brood.

sub social

one female dominant

primitivety social

one queen hibernate, she is bigger then the workers.

highly social

queen bigger, queen can't survive alone, social propagate through swarming.

All the bees???

This is a list of 107 genus of bees. When I list all the sub-species, it will be a list of over 25.000!!!

This is a man-made list, so the discussion about it will go on forever!!!!
Don't ask me, why we have the needs (peculiarity) to do everything in tables and lists.

Familie (10)

Sub Families (25)

Tribus (29)

genus(107)

species

subspecies (only the honey bee at the end of the file(for the beekeepers),
and the osmia bees as an example!!!!)

THE FAMILIE

Colletidae
Andrenidae
Halictidae
Melittidae
Stenotritidae
Fedeliidae
Oxaeidae
Megachilidae
Anthophoridae
Apidae

COLLETIDAE

Diphaglossinae
Chilolinae
Hylaeinae

Amphylaeus
Agogenohylaeus
Calloprosopis
Eupalaeorhiza
Geophyrohylaeus
Hemirhiza
Heterapoides
Hylaeoides
Hylaeus
Hylaeorhiza
Meroglossa
Nothylaeus
Palaeorhiza
Euryglossa
Xanthesma

Euryglossinae

Argohesma
Brachyhesma
Dasyhesma
Euryglossa
Euryglossina
Euryglossella
Euryglossulla
Heterohesma
Hyphesma
Milittosmithia
Pachyprosopis
Parapachyprosopis
Quasihesma
Sericogaster
Stenohesma
Stilpnosoma
Xanthesma

Xeromelissinae
Colletinae

Collectini

Colletes

Paracollentini

Prosopis

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STENOTRITIDAE

Stenotritinae

Stenotritus
Ctenocollectes

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HALICTIDAE

Normiinae

Normiinini

Normi

Halictinae

Agopostemon
Nomioides
Paralictus
Pseudaugo Chloropsis

Augochirini

Augochlora
Augochlorella
Angochloropsis

Halictini

Halictus
Sphecodes *)

Dufoureinae

Dufourea
Systropha
Rophites

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ANDRENIDAE

Andreninae

Melittioides
Andrena

fulva

Panurginae

Camptopoeum
Melitturga
Panurginus
Calliopsis
Normadopsis
Panurgus
Perdita

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OXAEIDAE

Oxaea
Protoxaea

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MELLITIDAE

Hesperapis
Reaivina

Melitinae

Melitta

Dysopodinae

Dasypoda

Macropidinae

Macropis

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FEDELIIDAE

Neofidelia
Fidelia
Panfidelia

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MEGACHILIDAE

Lithurginae
Megachilinae

Megachilini

Megachile
Coelioxys *)
Heriades
Chelostoma
Osmia

adunca
aenea
anthocopoides
aurulenta
bicolor
bicornis
cleamantaris
coerulescens
cornifrons (mason bee)
cornuta
cornuta
fuciformuis
fulviventris
inermis
leaiana
leucomelaena
lignaria (or blue orchard bee) (see you have problems in names, to)
lignaria (orchard mason bee)
luciformuis
maritima
papaveris
parietina
parvula
plathycera
rufa
solkyi
spinulosa
uncinata
villosa
xanthomelana

Hoplitis
Anthocopa

Anthidiini

Trachusa
Anthidium
Anthidiellum
Stelis *)

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ANTHOPHORIDAE

Normadinae

Neolarrini
Townsendiellini
Biastini

Biastes

Ceanoprosopidini
Protepeolini
Holcopasitini
Ammbatini

Ammobatinae

Ammobatini

Ammobates *)

Epeoloidini

Epeolus *)
Epeoloides *)

Normadini

Nomada *)

Anthophorinae

Exomalopsini

Exomalopsis

Anthophorini

Anthophora
Heliophila

Melcitinae

Melitomini

Melecta *)
Thyreus *)

Eucerinae

Eucerini

Eucera
Tetralonia

Xylocopinae

Xylocopini

Xylocopa
Proxylocopa
Lestis

Ceratinini

Ceratina

Allopatini

Allodapula
Halterapis
Braunapis

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APIDAE

Bombinae

Bombini

Bombus
Psithyrus *)

Euglossini

Euglossa

Apinae

Trigonini

Scaptrigona
Tetragonisca
Trigona

Meliponini

Melipona

Apini

Apis

cerana

javana
indica
sinensis
japonica

adreniformis??
dorsata
florea
koschnikovi??
laboriosa??
meliffera

adami
adansonii
anatolica
armeniaca
capensis
carnica (krainer bee)
caucasica (kaukasische bee)
cecropia
cypria
iberia
intermesse (tunezia)
lamarkii (egypt>>silver bee)
lihzeni (norway)
ligustica (italian bee)
litorea (est africa)
macedonica
major (morocco)
meda
meliferra (dark bee)
monticola (est africa>>> in Buckfast!!)
nubica (Sudan)
sahariensis
scutellata (africa bee)
sicula (sisilian bee)
syriaca
unicolor (madegascar)
ymenitaca

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*) parasitaire genera

better grouping will be:

meliferra (dark bee)	carnica (krainer bee)	caucasica (kaukasische bee)	lamarckii (egypt>>silver bee)
iberia (spain, portugal)	macedonica (north greece)	armeniaca (armenien)	jemenitica (sudd, uganda, somalia, tschad)
major (marocco)	cecropia (south greece)	meda (persian)	litorea (east africa coast)
intermesse (tunezia)	ligustica (italian bee)	anatolica (central and west anatolien)	scutellata (east and south african mountains)
sahariensis	sicula (sisilian bee)	syriaca (syrie)	monticola (east africa)
lihzeni (norway)		cypria (Cypres)	adansonii (west africa, senegal)
		adami (kreta)	unicolor (madagaskar)
			capensis (south africa)

**Deutsches Bienen Journal feb 1998**
Apis melifera Apis cerana Apis koschevnikovi Apis nuluensis Apis nigrocincta	closed space hive
Apis dorsata Apis laboriosa	one big comb hanging on clif/rock
Apis florea Apis andreniformis	little comb on/over twig/bough

Author: Jan Tempelman